Belgium has two distinct media markets: French-speaking Wallonia and Flemish-speaking Flanders. Publishers’ pivot to digital subscriptions seems to be paying off, but they continue to look for scale and diversification of revenues through mergers and acquisitions.

Swedish commercial news publishers have seen advertising revenues diminish over the years. They mostly rely on reader revenues, with Swedes being relatively positive about paying for news online. The relative importance of social media for distribution has declined.

Amid continued falls in revenues from advertising, traditional and commercial news journalism in Sweden is nowadays mainly financed by paid subscriptions, and increasingly supported by diverse subsidies.

Sweden is characterised by a mix of public service media (PSM) alongside few national and many local commercial news media. Commercial news publishers nowadays mostly rely on reader revenues.

The Norwegian media landscape combines strong national legacy brands and public service media, with a reputation for innovation in content and business models. Norwegian media still do comparatively well but have also been affected by rising costs.

Argentina has a strong and concentrated private media system, comparatively weaker public media organisations, and a high degree of political polarisation in the media. As the pandemic receded, circulation of print newspapers has continued to fall.