The new government led by Donald Tusk saw its first anniversary after eight years of right-wing rule. It has tried to strike a new tone in its relations with Europe and the media but the landscape has been anything but stable.

The Italian media market is experiencing profound transformation, shaped by the rapid rise of digital platforms and the continuing but changing role of television.

Austria has been in a state of political turmoil since the far-right, and Russia-friendly, Freedom Party (FPÖ) came out on top in the September 2024 elections, narrowly beating the conservative People’s Party (ÖVP).

The UK is characterised by well-established public service and commercial news providers which have historically dominated both on broadcast and in print and are also the biggest brands online.