The first months of the second Trump administration have brought what Reporters Without Borders calls a ‘war on the press’ on multiple fronts, from moves to defund public media and dismantle overseas broadcasting, to attacks on disfavoured news outlets via lawsuits, access restrictions, and feder

The Spanish media market is characterised by intense rivalries between major conglomerates, the continuing importance of broadcast news, and innovation online .

Morocco’s constitution guarantees freedom of expression and prohibits censorship, but in practice, critical journalistic voices are often subject to harassment or even criminal proceedings.

The South African media landscape is subject to a hollowing out of the resources of news organisations, including retrenchments and the closing down of news titles.

The Nigeria media landscape features a blend of traditional and digital platforms, with over 80 locally owned digital news outlets or startups. Challenges include dwindling advertising revenues, greater regulatory scrutiny, and threats to press freedom.

South Korea’s news media is characterised by competitive public and private broadcasters, a newspaper sector struggling to adapt to digital change, and powerful Korean-owned portals that dominate the distribution of news online.