The impact of the digital transition of the Italian media system has become evident, with digital-born players reaching the top positions in our ranking, digital advertising revenues becoming predominant, new podcast companies, and news kiosks changing the nature of their operations.

The Irish media are characterised by strong radio and television networks and a relatively small number of print publications still undergoing digital transition.

Many see Hungary's president's tight grip on the media as a key factor in his victory, where public service media are tightly controlled and many other major outlets are under either direct or indirect government influence. But some independent media remain, particularly online.

Partisan election coverage and rising hostility against the press contributed to a decline in trust in the media in a year in which Peru became the country with the world’s highest COVID-19 death rate.

The Mexican news industry faces challenges of new platforms, big conglomerates, and changing consumption habits. But it also has to contend with the president’s daily attacks on its credibility. Journalists continue to be murdered.

Presidential and congressional elections have dominated media coverage this year amid widespread concern about misinformation. High social media and smartphone usage in Colombia is pushing more big players to invest in digital.