The Norwegian media landscape combines strong national publishers and public service media with a reputation for innovation in content and business models. Norwegian media still lead the field in payment for news online, despite some decline in use of and trust in news.

The Irish media are characterised by strong radio and television networks and a relatively small number of print publications still undergoing digital transition.

Presidential and congressional elections have dominated media coverage this year amid widespread concern about misinformation. High social media and smartphone usage in Colombia is pushing more big players to invest in digital.

Protests in which truckers besieged the national capital in an anti-vaccination blockade highlighted growing divisions in Canadian society and declining trust in the news media.

Media ownership remains highly concentrated in Brazil, South America’s biggest market. Big conglomerates dominate in broadcast and print, but face greater competition online and via social media. The president continues to attack the press routinely amid evidence of rising news fatigue.

Trust in news in South Africa has increased but the media environment is becoming an increasingly toxic terrain of mis/disinformation, of media titles being co-opted into propaganda, and of coordinated attacks on the credibility of individual journalists.