Spain has a lively commercial news market with particularly intense competition in the online arena. The leading newspaper brands, El País and El Mundo, are succeeding with digital subscriptions, but are challenged by free news sites, such as 20 Minutos.

General elections in May 2023 were seen as a potential turning point for Thailand and for media freedom after decades of authoritarian rule.

The Philippine media landscape remains largely grim despite the change in the country’s leadership in mid-2022. Attacks on journalists, which escalated during the six-year presidency of Rodrigo Duterte, have not let up since Ferdinand Marcos Jr. took office.

Last year’s highly contested presidential elections, which were followed by riots in the capital, seem to have taken a toll on Brazilians’ trust in the news.

Press freedom in Hong Kong continues to be steadily eroded following the enactment of the controversial National Security Law in 2020.

The UK media scene is characterised by strong public and commercial broadcasters and a competitive and outspoken national press. But both sectors are under pressure from changing audience behaviour, falling revenue, and rising costs.